Crowned Buddha of Amaravati and the Cakkavatti canonical concept
Abstract
The article represents a kind of “postscriptum” to the author’s hypothesis about fundamental sources found in Pali canon and early post-canonic literature that gave birth to formation of the crowned Buddha image. This hypothesis underlies this study of early Buddhist iconography, in particular with respect to images belonging to the Amaravati school, which illustrate the relationship between the Buddha and Cakkavatti. The author substantiates the conclusion that the image of the crowned Buddha had emerged almost simultaneously with the anthropomorphic image of the Enlightened One.
About the Author
Igor V. Grunin
Independent researcher
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Igor V. Grunin ‒ Ph. D. (Philos.)
Perm
References
1. Bautze-Picron C. The Bejewelelled Buddha. From India to Burma. New Considerations. New Delhi: Sanctum Books; 2010. XX, 186 p.
2. Grunin I. V. The Crowned and Bejewelled Buddha in Theravada iconography: canonical sources and symbolic meaning. Orientalistica. 2019;2(3):000–000. (In Russ.)
3. Zin M. Mandhatar, the Universal Monarch, and the Meaning of Representations of the Cakravartin in the Amaravati School, and of the Kings on the Kanaganahalli Stupa. Buddhist Narrative in Asia and Beyond. Vol. I. Bangkok: Institute of Thai Studies Chulalongkorn University; 2012, pp. 149–164.
4. Bachhofer L. Early Indian Sculpture. Vol. II. Paris: The Pegasus Press; 1929. 406 p.
5. Sivaramamurti C. Amaravati Sculptures in the Madras Government Museum. Madras: Thompson & Co LTD; 1956. XVIII, 376 p.
6. Burgess J. The Buddhist Stupas of Amaravati and Jaggayyapeta. Reprint ed. 1886. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India; 1996. X, 131 p.
7. Zin M. The Identification of the Bagh Painting. East and West. 2001; 51(3–4):299–322.
8. Rosen Stone E. Some Begram Ivories and the South Indian Narrative Tradition: New Evidence. Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 2008;3:45–59.
9. Cowell E. B. (ed.) The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha’s Former Births. Vol. II. Cambridge: University Press; 1895. XX, 316 p.
10. Schiefner F. A. Von. Tibetan Tales Derived from Indian Sources. Transl. from the Tibetan of the Kah-Gyur. Done into English, from the German by W. R. S. Ralston. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd.; 1906. 368 p.
11. Parimoo R. The Meaning of the Mandhata Jataka. Roopa-Lekha, 62–63 (Delhi 1993) 38.
12. Longhurst A. H. The Buddhist Antiquites of Nagarjunakonda, Madras Presidency. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India. No. 54. Reprint ed. 1938. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India; 1999. IV, 67 p.
13. Liebert G. Iconographic Dictionary of the Indian Religions. Hinduism-Buddhism-Jainism. 2nd ed. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications; 1986. XX, 377 p.
14. Bunce F. W. A Dictionary of Buddhist and Hindu Iconography. 2nd ed. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd; 2001. XXVIII, 473 p.
15. Terentyev A. Buddhist Iconography Identification Guide. St. Petersburg: Nartang; 2004. 302 p. (In Russ.)
16. Bhattacharyya B. The Indian Buddhist Iconography. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay; 1958. XXXIV, 478 p.
17. Gupte R. S. Iconography of the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Private Ltd.; 1972. XIX, 201 p.
18. Gupta S. P. Shashi Prabha Asthana. Elements of Indian Art. Including Temple Architecture, Iconography & Iconometry. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld Ltd.; 2002. XIV, 146 p.
19. Gopinatha Rao T. A. Elements of Hindu Iconography. 2nd reprint ed. of the 1914 Madras ed. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass; 1985. XXVIII, 296 p.
20. Bunce F. W. Mudras in Buddhist and Hindu Practices: an iconographic consideration. 2nd ed. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld; 2009. XXIX, 346 p.
21. 80 Scenes of the Life of Buddha. Yangon: Myanmar Heritage Publications; 2016. 184 p.
22. Coomaraswamy A. K. Elements of Buddhist Iconography. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1935. 95 p.
23. Huntington S. L. The “Pāla-Sena” Schools of Sculpture. Leiden: E. J. Brill; 1984. XXXVI, 296 p.
24. Speyer J. S. (ed.) Avadānaçataka: a Century of Edifying Tales. Belonging to the Hīnayāna. Vol. II. St. Petersbourg; 1909. XI, 238 p.
25. Bagchi P. C. A note on the Avadanasataka and its Chinese translation. Visva-Bharati Annals. 1945;(I):56–61.
26. Revire N. The Enthroned Buddha in Majesty: an Iconological Study. Religions. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. English. XIII, 410 p. – https://tel.archives-ou- vertes.fr/tel-01552082
27. Feer M. L. Avadana-Çataka. Cent Legendes (Bouddhiques). Annales du Musee Guimet. Paris: Ernest Leroux; 1891. XXXVIII, 496 p.
28. Krishan Y., Tadikonda K. K. The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers; 2012. XVII, 231 p.
29. Skilling P. Pieces in the puzzle: Sanskrit literature in pre-modern Siam. Buddhism and Buddhist Literature of South-East Asia: Selected papers. Bangkok and Lumbini: Fragile Palm Leaves Foundation; 2009, pp. 27–45.
30. Malalasekera G. P. Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. Vol. II. London: John Murray; 1938. XI, 1370 p.
31. Edgerton F. Budhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. Vol. II: Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass; 1953. 627 p.
32. Vaman Shivram Apte. The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Poona: Shiralkar & Co.; 1890. 1196 p.
33. Bhikkhu Nanamoli (transl.), Bhikkhu Bodhi (ed.) The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society; 1995. 1412 p.
34. Cowell E. B. (ed.) The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha’s Former Births. Vol. VI. Cambridge: University Press; 1907. VIII, 314 p.
35. Burlingame E. W. (transl) Buddhist Legends Translated from the Original Pali text of Dhammapada Commentary. Part 2. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1921. 366 p.
36. Strong J. S. The Legend of King Aśoka. A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers; 2008. 350 p.
37. Howes J. Colin Mackenzie and the Stupa at Amaravati. South Asian Studies. 2002;18:53–65.
38.
Supplementary files
For citation:
Grunin I.V. Crowned Buddha of Amaravati and the Cakkavatti canonical concept. Orientalistica. 2020;3(4):1010-1027. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-4-1010-1027
Views: 866
Email this article 